Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) can be found in different consumer products and various medical devices due to their excellent biocidal properties. Despite extensive scientific literature reporting biological effects of AgNP, there is still a lack of scientific evidence on how different surface functionalization affects AgNP interaction with the human skin and the oral epithelium. This study aimed to investigate biological consequences following the treatment of HaCaT and TR146 cells with AgNP stabilized with negatively charged sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate (AOT), neutral polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and positively charged poly-l-lysine (PLL). All AgNP were characterized by means of size, shape and surface charge. Interactions with biological barriers were investigated in vitro by determining cell viability, particle uptake, oxidative stress response and DNA damages following AgNP treatment. Results showed a significant difference in cytotoxicity depending on the surface coating used for AgNP stabilization. All three types of AgNP induced apoptosis, oxidative stress response and DNA damages in cells, but AOT- and PVP-coated AgNP exhibited lower toxicity than positively charged PLL-AgNP. Considering the number of data gaps related to the safe use of nanomaterials in biomedicine, this study highlights the importance of particle surface functionalization that should be considered during design and development of future AgNP-based medical products.The estimation of the extent of absorption of drug candidates intended for oral drug delivery is an important selection criteria in drug discovery. The use of cell-based transwell assays examining flux across cell-monolayers (e.g., Caco-2 or MDCK cells) usually provide satisfactory predictions of the extent of absorption in vivo. These predictions often fall short of expection for molecules outside the traditional low molecular weight property space. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sodium-cholate.html In this manuscript the transwell permeability assay was modified to circumvent potential issues that can be encountered when evaluating the aforementioned drug molecules. Particularly, the addition of albumin in the acceptor compartment to reduce potential binding to cells and the acceptor compartment, improved the predictive power of the assay. Cellular binding and lysosomal trapping effects are significantly reduced for larger molecules, particularly lipophilic bases under these more physiological conditions, resulting in higher recovery values and a better prediction power. The data indicate that lysosomal trapping does not impact the rate of absorption of lipophilic bases in general but is rather an exception. Finally, compounds believed to permeate by passive mechanisms were used in a calibration curve for the effective prediction of the fraction absorbed of molecules of interest in current medicinal chemistry efforts.To minimize the spread of Coronavirus Disease-2019, Saudi Arabia imposed a nationwide lockdown for over 6weeks. We examined the impact of lockdown on glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); and assessed whether changes in glycemic control differ between those who attended a telemedicine visit during lockdown versus those who did not.
Flash CGM data from 101 individuals with T1D were retrospectively evaluated. Participants were categorized into two groups Attended a telemedicine visit during lockdown (n=61) or did not attend (n=40). Changes in CGM metrics from the last 2weeks pre-lockdown period (Feb 25 - March 9, 2020) to the last 2weeks of complete lockdown period (April 7-20, 2020) were examined in the two groups.
Those who attended a telemedicine visit during the lockdown period had a significant improvement in the following CGM metrics by the end of lockdown Average glucose (from 180 to 159mg/dl, p&lt;0.01), glycemic management indicator (from 7.7 to 7.2%, p=0.03), time in range (from 46 to 55%, p&lt;0.01), and time above range (from 48 to 35%, p&lt;0.01) without significant changes in time below range, number of daily scans or hypoglycemic events, and other indices. In contrast, there were no significant changes in any of the CGM metrics during lockdown in those who did not attend telemedicine.
A six-week lockdown did not worsen, nor improve, glycemic control in individuals with T1D who did not attend a telemedicine visit. Whereas those who attended a telemedicine visit had a significant improvement in glycemic metrics; supporting the clinical effectiveness of telemedicine in diabetes care.
A six-week lockdown did not worsen, nor improve, glycemic control in individuals with T1D who did not attend a telemedicine visit. Whereas those who attended a telemedicine visit had a significant improvement in glycemic metrics; supporting the clinical effectiveness of telemedicine in diabetes care.To explore the association between dynamic islet secretory function and TIR (time in range), a new valuable metric of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
In this observational study 256 patients with type 2 diabetes were included and continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) were applied to monitor blood glucose and also the calculation of TIR [the time spent in an individual's target glucose range (usually 3.9-10mmol/L)]. The participants were divided into 3 groups according to the tertiles of TIR, 85 cases with TIR?65.05% (T1 group), 86 cases with 41.84&lt;TIR?65.05% (T2 group) and 85 cases with TIR&lt;41.84% (T3 group). Serum glucagon (GLA, GLA, GLA, GLA, GLA), C-peptide (Cp, Cp, Cp, Cp, Cp) concentration at different time points were measured after a 100g standard steamed buns meal test to assess the pancreatic alpha cell and beta cell function. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis were adopted for statistical analysis.
The aglycemic fluctuation.
Both islet alpha cell and beta cell secretory function have important influence on TIR, a novel vital index of glycemic fluctuation.Our aim was to investigate the ability, frequency of acute complications and impact on glycemic control in uncontrolled T1DM who fasted during Ramadan.
74 Patients with T1D who insisted on fasting were enrolled 1month prior to Ramadan and given intensive education by Diabetes team on insulin dose, glucose monitoring and dietary adjustments. Patients were divided into two groups ; group A- HbA1c&lt;9%(&lt;75mmol/mol) and group B- HbA1c?9% (?75mmol/mol) and different variables were compared.
Most of the patients fasted 58 (78.4%) for more than 15days. There was no significant difference (p=0.790), while comparing the breaking the fast in the two groups. Hypoglycaemia was common acute complications among them. There was no significant difference in the frequency of hypoglycaemia between two groups (P=0.448). There was increased insulin requirement in both groups during Ramadan (p=0.00001), with an increase in basal insulin in well controlled (from 24 to 34 units). There was significant reduction of Post Ramadan mean HbA1C in both groups [P=0.